Outline Of The Sustainability Planning Process - 822 Words

I. Program Summary II. Overview of the Sustainability Planning Process III. Key Elements for Sustainability IV. Acton Plans Action Plan #1: [Immediate] A. Rationale B. Action Steps Action Steps (How will you get to where you want to be?) Responsibility (Who will make it happen?) Timeframe (When will it happen?) Green sustainability training Organization wide Within 90 days Energy efficient technologies IT department Within 90 days Document management program Organization wide Immediate Recycling program Organization wide Immediate C. Resources D. Progress Monitoring Action Steps Accomplished What helped you accomplish this action? Green sustainability training Scheduled seminars Website and video training Energy efficient technologies Power saving features implemented Energy compliant option enabled Website and video training Document management program Digital implementation of Copiers, faxes, scanners Authorized printing procedures Recycling program Recycle bin placement Various recycling items Recycle contracts with vendors Challenges: The biggest challenge is the training of personnel on the various areas of concern. The key elements for sustainability have played a big role in making the change to the immediate action plan a success throughout the IT department. The cost has been a concern as well but with management supporting the IT sustainability plan we have had littleShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Program Evaluation994 Words   |  4 PagesTo begin with, this paper will provide a comprehensive program evaluation model for the program. Secondly, it will outline the evaluation framework the program will use to evaluate the program. Next, the paper will provide a timeline detailing when critical evolution task for the program will take place. Leading to, how program evaluation will maintain the program’s sustainability. From there, the paper will explain how the evaluation results will be shared with the stakeholders and the communityRead MoreCase Study : The Quaint Grizzly Bear Lodge 904 Words   |  4 Pagestheir business by purchasing the property next door. This expansion would more than double their current size as well as expenses and staffing. While this is a potential exciting time in their business, careful thought will have to be used in the planning, control and financial management of the expansion. The Conrad’s have been positively using clan control in the management of their lodge. Clan control is based on the idea that employees may share the values, expectations, and goals of the organizationRead MoreBiodiversity, Or Biological Diversity1720 Words   |  7 Pagesbiodiversity offers important cultural services, which enrich our lives (Defra, 2011; Cepel, 1996). In that perspective, biodiversity can be considered as a significant strategic resource of economic and political affairs (Demir, 2013). 1.2 Sustainability Challenges for Biodiversity Despite all the evidence that are uncovered about its importance, biodiversity is under serious threat (Defra, 2011), as human beings seem to be determined on destroying ecosystems and species at an ever-increasingRead MoreThe Top Management Of Waste Management Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesFor any organization, waste management is one of the top priorities for environmental sustainability strategy. Waste management entails a responsible operation toward the environment and thus ISO certification. The ISO 14001 Environment Management System (EMS) standard is geared to the management of the immediate and long term environmental impacts of an organization’s processes, services, and products. Under the ISO 14001 framework for environmental management best practice, organizations improveRead MoreIntroduction. The Sustainability Checklist Was Created1558 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Introduction The Sustainability Checklist was created as a means to establish a concrete measuring stick for the 5 goals set out within The Path to 2040: Sustainability Strategy in relation to new development and zoning variations. Its purpose is to raise awareness of sustainability concepts throughout the community and assist developers in making greener choices that mesh with the values set forth by the City of Nelson and as a tool for planners reviewing applications to evaluate applicationsRead MoreRenewable And Environmental Friendly Transportation Programs1362 Words   |  6 PagesFor instance, a well-made and preserved highway should equally diminish the first year and life process costs. However, commonly an exact explanation of maintenance for the â€Å"life process† cost study is not implemented in the proposal phases of a highway or road. Maximization and development problems are examined and assessed centered on the combined disparagement of the first year cycle and life proces s costs. Introduction Conventionally, the improvement and growth of transportation infrastructureRead MoreUrbanization And Development Of Urbanization1241 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the proposed research 3 4. Preliminary discussion of literary sources 4 5. Theoretical framework 4 6. Statement of the expected achievement and contribution of the research to the issue 5 7. Proposed research methodology 5 8. Research plan and outline 5 9. Timetable of proposed research 5 10. References list 5 â€Æ' 1. Introduction Urbanization and growth go with each other: no country has ever reached a great economy without a significant population shift into cities. According to United NationsRead MoreTaking a Look at Ecotourism926 Words   |  4 Pagesbased, †¢ environmentally educated, and †¢ sustainably managed. The last dimension is taken to encompass both the natural and cultural environments involved in supplying the ecotourism experience (Blamey, 2001). Thus, where Ross and Wall (1999) outline five fundamental functions of ecotourism; namely: i. protection of natural areas; ii. education; iii. generation of money; iv. quality tourism; and v. local participation. The seemingly endless definitional rhetoric has not only caused massRead MoreHRM 498 Week 1 Individual Assignment; Management Challenges Concerns966 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategic planning process? What does self-assessment reveal about a company’s HR needs? What can HR managers do to take steps to address a company’s needs once self-assessment results are produced? Week 2 DQ 2: What are the objectives in HR planning? Why are these important? What is the consequence of not meeting these objectives? HRM 498 Week 3 Individual Assignment; HR Planning Process                                                                         Resource: Strategic Planning and HR Planning: LinkingRead MoreOperation Managenent1504 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations and describe how they interrelate. 3. Identify similarities and differences between production and service operations. 4. Describe the operations function and the nature of the operations managers job. 5. Summarize the two major aspects of process management. 6. Explain the key aspects of operations management decision making. 7. Briefly describe the historical evolution of operations management. 8. Characterize current trends in business that impact operations management. Chapter 2 - Competitiveness

Neighborhood Comparison of the Upper and Poor Class

Neighborhood Comparison of the Upper and Poor Class Introduction Income, race, ethnicity, religion and culture all have profound impacts on neighborhoods. Some impacts consist of area appearance, transportation options, friendliness, safety options, and lack of resources. This week I visited a poor and upper class neighborhood at two different hours of the day. The first day I visit the poor class neighborhood call Lincoln Heights in Monroe Louisiana at 8:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M. The second day I visited a Rich class neighborhood called Lakewood at the same times. The differences between the upper and poor class were astonishing. This paper will describe the differences and similarities between the upper and poor class neighborhood, what†¦show more content†¦The safety conditions in Lakewood were up to date. There were sidewalks on each side of the road, and a neighborhood watch person. There appearance was clean, yards mowed and no trash to speak of while Lincoln Heights had trash in many areas of the neighborhood. Why I Believed One Neighborhood was Wealthier Then the Other I believed Lincoln Heights was poor because of the high crime rates in the areas and the obvious law income. A study by the Christian Association for Prison Aftercare suggests that there is direct correlation poverty and crime (Williams, 2007). People who are poor are more likely to commit crimes of theft, and burglary (Williams, 2007). â€Å"Research suggests that people who commit crimes will only commit them if the consequences are outweighed by the benefit of the gain (Schmalleger, 2011).† When someone is poor, they may feel that the potential gain will outweigh the consequences such as getting food on the table, and paying rent. I also believed it to be poor because of the appearance. Through my experiences, I have noticed then when people have low income, they can’t afford most resources to keep area appearance up such as lawn mowers and weed eaters. They also can’t afford to maintain safe conditi ons and good appearance of their homes. How Culture and Religion Impacted the Neighborhoods When I was visiting Lincoln Heights and Lakewood, I was unable toShow MoreRelatedEssay Gap Between Rich And Poor1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmany differences in the social, economic, and political sense amongst the individuals. There is a select group who are more educated that come from the more prestigious and wealthy backgrounds as opposed to those who come from the working middle class and poor levels. The opportunities are much different due to the effects of these institutions and the socioeconomic levels that children are born into. If the economic resources are abundant, than success is easier to attain. By looking at the exclusiveRead MoreSocial Inequality : The Land Of The Free, And The American Dream979 Words   |  4 Pagesday and age, race, gender, sexual orientation, class, and other social constructs, heavily influence an individual s success and mobility in society. Moreover, inequality oppresses certain individuals and benefits others. For example, a child from an upper-class neighborhood will be stimulated with better schools, extracurricular activities, and safer streets. In contrast, a child from an impoverished neighborhood will suffer from gang violence, poor education, and subpar extracurricular activitiesRead MoreRacial Segregation And The Educational Institution964 Words   |  4 PagesThe American educational institution is one that individuals of every race, gender, and background experience while growing up. Since social class is determined in large part by education, the effects of education carry forward into the rest of each person’s life even after they’ve long left the institution itself (Roy, lecture 10). In his lecture on the institution, Professor Roy adds that education allows for a path to social mobility while also reproducing inequalities. This paradox can be seenRead MoreA Summary Of Order On City Public Spaces969 Words   |  4 PagesRudy Giuliani all saw a multipronged campaign to impose order on cities public spaces, usually by ridding them of the homeless, squeegeemen, protesters, and sundry other urban undesirables who made the life unpleasant for white middle class and upper classes, the attraction of whom was increasingly seen as the key for the urban economic revival It was into that economical and historical context, Joshua David and Robert Hammond made their initial push to save and redevelop the High Line---aRead MoreThe Lion King Film Analysis1590 Words   |  7 Pageschildren’s animated movies portray is a strong example as to why there are strong societal standards around gender, sexuality, race, and class. Most children’s films are completely heterosexual and the majority of children’s films portray male characters of more importance than female characters. Children’s film also portray characters of color to be in a lower class, to be of less importance, and are even portrayed as villa ins. These social implications influence the ideas that male dominance, heterosexualRead MoreThe Impact Of Racism In Television1604 Words   |  7 Pageshopes to relate with the typical viewer. The subjects of the television shows for the most part have stayed the same over the past 40 years, but some have gotten more exposure than others due to the state of our nation. Racism, anti-gay rights, rich vs poor, and women’s rights are such topics portrayed through television shows. Racism has been existent since the birth of our country and although we have taken steps toward fixing the problem, it is still very prevalent today. Over the past decadeRead Morere various reasons behind young people joining street gangs. One of the reasons young people800 Words   |  4 Pagesre various reasons behind young people joining street gangs. One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that â€Å"delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).† Social DisorganizationRead MoreComparing Race and Class as Contributing Factors of Social Mobility1420 Words   |  6 PagesEveryone believes the face of poverty is black. The white poor blend in, the black poor stand out, suggests social activist Bell Hooks (4). At first glance, Hookss observation seems statistically relevant: 24.7% of African Americans in the United States were living below poverty level in 2008, compared to 11.2% of whites (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith 14). However, this casual analysis fails to compare the size of the two population s, which balloons the seemingly paltry 11.2% up to nearlyRead MoreWhy Young People Join Gangs819 Words   |  4 Pagesare various reasons behind young people joining street gangs. One of the reasons young people join street gangs is because of neighborhood disadvantages. A theory that can contribute to why young people might join street gangs is Social Disorganization Theory. Social Disorganization theory assumes that â€Å"delinquency emerges in neighborhoods where neighborhood relation and social institutions have broken down and can no longer maintain effective social controls (Bell, 2007).† Social DisorganizationRead More Examinations on the Dismantling of Canadian Multiculturalism in Rawi Hages Cockroach1323 Words   |  6 PagesHage where the immigrant exists between the cultures of their homeland and their new country’s, is one of possibilities and where the protagonist can retain his cultural freedom (11), while Domenic A. Beneventi examines the class divides present between the privileged and the poor, noting how the latter experiences the city space as a place of poverty (263). Indeed, I am interested in the concept of multiculturali sm through how Hage represents his immigrant characters, demonstrating that idea of Canada’s

Polymer Free Essays

1. Important characteristics required for materials in Automotive Engineering Polymers have been used in the automotive industry for many decades. It is regarded as an efficient material as it is very durable and could significantly reduce production costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymer or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, as technology advances, new polymers are found and better alternatives are paved for the automotive industry. The vehicles we see today are very different than that of the yesteryears. This proves how far the automotive industry has advanced through technology. This eventually improved the built quality of vehicles in terms of safety, comfort, and performance. Plastics have greatly contributed to the advancement of the automotive industry. Although some may perceive that plastics yield a poorer built quality (though in some cases, it may be true), it actually is a better alternative in an engineer’s point of view. The reason why we have a contrast of opinions regarding the use of plastics is because of the type of plastics being used. Therefore, the characteristics of the material are a very important factor in achieving good built quality. The automotive industry is constantly looking for alternatives to keep the production costs low. In order to achieve that, the engineers adapted to the use of plastics on certain parts. The question was – was this a good idea? Over the years, it became evident that it really is. Hence, we see modern cars with plastic bumpers, plastic door handles, plastic mirror housing, etc. The engineers had to bear in mind that what they require is a durable and robust plastic material. They had to consider something that is able to deform upon minor collisions, and be able to return back to its original shape (reversibly deformable). The benefit of this idea is so that vehicle owners do not have to change the bumper for minor accidents. However, plastics have a limit to their reversible-deformation property. It could tolerate impacts of up to a certain degree, but beyond that, it would be a permanent deformation. But then again, it is a lot better than to repair a bumper made of metal isn’t it? Thus, the bumpers are made of materials that are able to withstand light and medium impacts. Considering the fact that plastic parts are relatively lighter than metal or wooden parts, this would improve a vehicle’s performance, which will eventually make the machine more efficient. As of today, plastic parts are known to be the most effective material that could save weight and yet be strong and durable. Cost has always been a challenge in the automotive industry. For many years, engineers have been working on alternative materials. A good example is the use of wood for certain parts like the steering. It would certainly be cheaper than steel, but come to think about the time taken to craft a circular shape out of wood, it would in the long run cost more than the latter. Thus today, we find polymers used to replace these parts because it is in fact a lot cheaper and a lot easier to build. Some car owners of the 50’s and 60’s experienced this little problem when they park their cars out in the sun. They would return to their car and grab their stainless steel door handle and â€Å"ooh!! †. Yes, it is a very good heat conductor. Very obviously, replacing a stainless steel door handle or gear knob or steering wheel with a plastic material is a brilliant idea. But the problem is whether or not it is able to withstand the heat. Many first perceived plastic products to be inferior to high temperatures. However, technology proved them wrong. We have cars today with many plastic exterior parts that are able to withstand heat for years. It is indeed very important to analyze the feasibility of the use of a different material which has not been tested before. Many considerations are taken so that the parts used are well suited for its intended purpose. Plastics have proved to be a great alternative in automotive engineering, paving a bright path towards the future. How to cite Polymer, Papers

Understanding Inclusive Learning free essay sample

Understanding Inclusive Learning and Teaching in Lifelong Learning Assessment Task 1 By Robert A J Gue Submission Date 3 May 2012 I have been asked by the Scout Association to give guidance on how to incorporate inclusive learning an teaching in to their training scheme to meet the needs of the leaders who come from diverse backgrounds. The Scout Association is part of a worldwide educational youth movement. The values, which underpin and inspire its work are embodied in the Scout Promise and Law and in the Purpose of the Association. Within this framework, the Association is committed to equality of opportunity for all members. To carry out its work the Association seeks to appoint effective and appropriate Leaders, and to involve other volunteers in supporting roles, all of whom are required to accept fully the responsibilities of their commitment. The Scout Association equal Opportunities Policy; equal opportunities for all; no person volunteering their services should receive less favourable treatment on the basis of, nor suffer disadvantage by reason of: †¢ age; †¢ class; †¢ ethnic origin, nationality (or statelessness) or race; †¢ gender; marital or sexual status; †¢ mental or physical ability; †¢ political or religious belief. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Inclusive Learning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Source: Scout Association key policies. In todays society, we live in a multi cultural environment. This effects the local communities and this impacts on education and training. Organisations now have multi ethnic work forces, covering a wide range religious beliefs, nationalities and races. Cultures and attitudes have changed over the last 50 years and in todays society, you have mixed gender organisations , more openness sexual status changes in employment laws and disability laws which allows people with mental or physical abilities to work. The scout association is one of those organisations which has members from mixed religions, race, ethnic origins, mental and physical abilities. Therefore they have to adapt inclusive learning environment. Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all your leaders under training. It means acknowledging that your leaders have a range of individual learning needs and are members of diverse communities: a leader with a disabling medical condition may also have English as an additional language and be a single parent. Inclusive teaching avoids pigeonholing leaders under training into specific groups with predictable and fixed approaches to learning.   The benefits of having inclusive teaching are; †¢ It takes a coherent approach which is proactive. †¢ Inclusive teaching has a strategy for delivering equal opportunities and diversity policies. †¢ Involves the whole organisation / movement. †¢ The training will match provisions to the student needs. †¢ It will incorporate regular reflection, review and refinement of strategies and methods that actively involve disabled leaders. Experience in scouting situations has demonstrated that adjustments made for disabled leaders/ scouts can often benefit all leaders and members from the scout sections. Inclusive teaching is good teaching. For example, when reviewing how to describe a diagram to a blind scout , it might become apparent that there is a better way to present the information for all scouts. In making your teaching inclusive you reassess the material you use in your teaching and the way in which it is delivered and assessed. The scout training programme should place leaders in the best possible learning environment, whatever those needs may be.

The Northcliffe Revolution Essay Example

The Northcliffe Revolution Essay The intention of this paper is to explore the notion that Lord Northcliffe, the owner of popular papers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries such as the Daily Mail, had such a pivotal role in the press of the epoch that he could be easily described as possessing such incredible power as to revolutionise a growing industry, such as that of the print based press. To be able to develop upon, or dismantle, such a widely debated topic of the era in which the press industries boomed and caused this vast and historical moment of the public communications field, I intend to analyse both the suggestions which support and the suggestions which disagree with the notion that Northcliffe had such a pivotal role in defining how the press developed in the period 1890-1930. Questions have been raised as to whether or not the so-called Northcliffe Revolution is really a useful way of understanding developments in British press in the above-mentioned period, 1890-1930. Francis Williams who was the 1940s press officer to Labour M. P. Atley claimed that Northcliffe started a revolution in the press industry, whereas Jean Chalaby would argue that Northcliffe didnt produce revolutionary ideas when it came to journalism etc, he more simply applied improved, and developed, upon existing techniques (Chalaby: 2000: 27). We will write a custom essay sample on The Northcliffe Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Northcliffe Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Northcliffe Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is from these sort of fundamental arguments that the intentions of this essay will be based, and from this will come an opinion on the usefulness of understanding press developments between 1890 and 1930 through the perspective of the Northcliffe Revolution. Northcliffe himself knew the importance that a national daily newspaper would mean to him financially and so introduced to the nation its first daily paper The Daily Mail. It was Northcliffes entrepreneurial desire to achieve this target that led to the Daily Mail reaching a circulation of just a few thousand under 1 million readers at 989,000 (Williams: 1998: 56). But this would not have been possible if not for the mass use of advertising within his publication. Advertising During the period of 1890-1930 the print based press undoubtedly developed financially. As is understandable the costs in order to produce a publication such as a daily newspaper rose considerably. During the 1830s, publicist Henry Hetherington needed only thirty pounds in order to start his paper, whereas Lord Northcliffe needed almost six hundred thousand pounds in order for his Daily Mail venture to get off the ground and become a realisation (Curran Seaton: 1991: 35). It was through this knowledge that Northcliffe knew that revenue would need to be gained through some other approach. Northcliffe also understood the need to keep the cost of buying a publication for the average consumer down to the minimum as to attract a continual and loyal following. Thus, Lord Northcliffe pioneered the use of mass advertising. Undeniably, advertising had always had a part to play, but Kevin Williams, who wrote Get me a murder a day! : A History of Mass Communications in Britain, would argue that there had never been such an indisputable link, at that moment in time, between the advertisers and the major publications. Advertising became not only the main source of revenue but also the main way of keeping prices down, so in turn newspapers ceased to sell at their factual outlay and the cover price of the newspapers was subsidised by advertising profits. Williams though, recognises the fact that Northcliffe had a major part to play in the area of advertising, but he does recognise the fact that major publications that were not Northcliffes were already heavily reliant on the advertising side of their revenue. By the late eighteen-eighties, nearly sixty one percent of the column space of the Telegraph, forty nine percent of The Times and just over forty percent of the Scotsman were devoted to advertising. This seems to point to the notion that the application of advertising was already a major factor of publication revenue and not a revolutionary idea drummed up by the ever power-increasing Lord Northcliffe. Other factors though, indicate a very strong argument in favour of the Northcliffe Revolution idea. Lord Northcliffe certainly can be acknowledged as being the founder of the idea in which circulation figures are printed on the cover of the publication. Lord Northcliffe knew that his newspapers were the major players in their respective target markets, and he recognized that if advertisers had a realisation that this was accurate then they would be more inclined to pay his publications for advertising than his competitors, and so front-page circulation statistics were born. Coupled with this new idea of openly printing the newspapers circulation figures was the innovative idea that Northcliffe came up with, which was to charge rates for advertising based on the size of the circulation. Whereas previously the advertisement rates were charged by the amount of space taken up to print that advert (per column inches), Northcliffe charged advertisers for every 1000 readers, and therefore creating a major link between publications and advertising for the present and the inevitably the long term (Williams: 1998: 59). Through this increase in advertising revenue, Northcliffe was able to increase circulation through the cutting of the cost of the paper and hence came up with the well-remembered slogan of the Daily Mail, the penny paper for half a penny. Large-scale advertising led to a major revamp in Northcliffes Daily Mail becoming the first to break up the column style of traditional newspaper appearance (Williams: 1998: 59). Newspaper Composition and Journalistic Techniques Through Northcliffes significant contribution in providing what seems to be an almost eternal link between advertising and newspapers, he also changed the way in which a newspaper is structured, its composition, and the journalistic news values and techniques that were employed by the then present day journalists. Prior to the beginning of the Northcliffe Revolution all newspaper advertisements were of a classified nature and were rigidly placed within columns. Northcliffe saw the possibility of development in this area of newspaper composition and so even though attempts to break up the column format were strongly resisted, his Daily Mail newspaper was the first to allow whole page advertisements, with department store Selfridges being the most notable in 1924 (Murdock Golding: 1977: 131).

Free Essays on The 21st Century Economy

The 21st Century Economy in the United States can be characterized as a very prosperous economy. The article â€Å"The 21st Century Economy.† In Business Week describes how the 90’s are no fluke. This decade has turned out to be a decade of unexpected prosperity. When the United States came out of World War II, United States productivity growth was at high levels. Then in the 1970’s it dropped mysteriously. This low productivity growth continued to the middle of the 1990’s and was thought to continue this way. Suddenly in 1995 productivity gains started to rise to overwhelming heights. In long run economics, productivity growth is the most important. This determines the path of income per capita, which effects out living standards. According to Robert D. McTeer, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve bank of Dallas, two factors determine the rate of economic growth; productivity increases (more output for the same amount of inputs), and labor (the number of hours worked. There are many benefits that go along with the economic expansion we are experiencing. The current expansion has commonly been referred to by economists as â€Å"The 1990’s Economic Boom’, because the current growth of the United States economy is the longest ever in peacetime. Economists observe that the expansion has benefited nearly every American. According to the reports of the Labor Statistics, more than three out every four jobs created from 1989 to 1995 were highly paid professionals and managerial position. The Council of Economic Advisors reported that in Ninety-five and Ninety-six, more than half of new jobs created were in fields where the average wage ranked in the top third of all salaries. Another great benefit according to the Investor’s Business Daily in the January 19, 1999 publication is that 1.67 million families left welfare roles and 1.74 million more single parents found jobs... Free Essays on The 21st Century Economy Free Essays on The 21st Century Economy The 21st Century Economy in the United States can be characterized as a very prosperous economy. The article â€Å"The 21st Century Economy.† In Business Week describes how the 90’s are no fluke. This decade has turned out to be a decade of unexpected prosperity. When the United States came out of World War II, United States productivity growth was at high levels. Then in the 1970’s it dropped mysteriously. This low productivity growth continued to the middle of the 1990’s and was thought to continue this way. Suddenly in 1995 productivity gains started to rise to overwhelming heights. In long run economics, productivity growth is the most important. This determines the path of income per capita, which effects out living standards. According to Robert D. McTeer, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve bank of Dallas, two factors determine the rate of economic growth; productivity increases (more output for the same amount of inputs), and labor (the number of hours worked. There are many benefits that go along with the economic expansion we are experiencing. The current expansion has commonly been referred to by economists as â€Å"The 1990’s Economic Boom’, because the current growth of the United States economy is the longest ever in peacetime. Economists observe that the expansion has benefited nearly every American. According to the reports of the Labor Statistics, more than three out every four jobs created from 1989 to 1995 were highly paid professionals and managerial position. The Council of Economic Advisors reported that in Ninety-five and Ninety-six, more than half of new jobs created were in fields where the average wage ranked in the top third of all salaries. Another great benefit according to the Investor’s Business Daily in the January 19, 1999 publication is that 1.67 million families left welfare roles and 1.74 million more single parents found jobs...

Healthcare Reforms In Hawaii And Massachusetts Essay

Healthcare Reforms In Hawaii And Massachusetts - Essay Example Hawaii was the first state to pass legislation, Hawaii’s Prepaid Health Care Act 1974, which requires employers to provide employees with health insurance. The state has remained consistently pro-health reforms and this is evident in the legislation that was passed in 2009 that created the Hawaii Health Authority. This authority has been mandated to plan for healthcare needs of the state and to determine future capacity needs for the state’s health providers, support services, equipment, and facilities. Hawaii’s support for health reforms is also seen in Hawaii Health Authority’s task of determining, implementing and maintaining the waivers that are available to the state’s residents under federal law. Similarly, Massachusetts has demonstrated its support for health reforms by adopting health care reform laws like the one it adopted in 2006. This law required residents to have insurance coverage, employers to provide employees with health insurance cover and pledged that the state would provide residents earning below 150% of the federal poverty level (FPL) with free health care insurance. The state amended this law in 2008 and 2010 in order to realign its health reform goals to those of the Federal Affordable Care Act. The Commonwealth Health Insurance Connector Authority is Massachusetts’ equivalence of Hawaii Health Authority (Bauer & Hollier, 2012). Despite their support for health reforms, there exist disparities in how these reforms play out in the two states.

Catherine Mansfield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catherine Mansfield - Essay Example As the report declares looking deeper in the human behavior and trying to see the important details, her short stories had a didactic particularity. This happens with the short story: â€Å"Sixpence†. The story is a didactic one, but not as we might think at the beginning. The writer portraits two types of parents behavior. A little boy, Dicky, does not behave properly one day, just when his mother has a guest. This was a very strange fact, because he usually was â€Å"good as gold as a rule, sensitive, affectionate, obedient and marvelously sensible for his age†. This paper stresses that the child makes a mistake and the guest, Mrs. Spears, gives his mother an advice: the only punishment is the whipping. This contradicts his mother’s opinions, because when she said punishment she was not referring to beating. And here comes the two types of behavior, or we could extend the two types of parents. Mrs. Spears sons were very quiet, permitting their mother to give credit to her theory about punishment. Dicky’ s mother does not agree to the beating, but she let herself convinced by her friend’ words. The children themselves were very different and Dicky was the one that had a normal behavior for his age. He was gentle and sensitive, but sometimes he was acting foolishly, maybe because a child’s energy is too big and cannot be hold in. Mrs. Spears sons were not acting right for some children, they were too calm and quite.

Dianna Abdala case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dianna Abdala case - Assignment Example Mr. Korman should not have forwarded the emails to other people while Abdala should not have reacted the way she did by accepting the job and then dismissing it again. This inconvenienced Mr. William Korman. To some extend it would jeopardize her career since Korman conducted major law firms about the incidents, which eventually resulted in many people apologizing to Korman on behalf of Abdala. William Korman warned Abdala on her professionalism. In addition, he told her to watch out because she might end up offending more young experienced lawyers at the start of her career. The exchange between Korman and Abdala becomes some of the similar email gaffes portrayed by many individuals. Emails on many occasions bring emotional responses in that they might cause anger or upset. For instance, in this case, Korman expressed his anger by forwarding the emails he received from Abdala to other people. In addition, there is lack of personal touch; some things such as contracts are done well if not typed. Emails cannot out do had written letters when it comes to strengthening relationship like in this

Common Law and Equity Essay

Common Law and Equity Essay Common law originally developed under the inquisitorial system in England during the 12th and 13th centuries,[11] as the collective judicial decisions that were based in tradition, custom and precedent Equity is designed from the English law system and its role as a common law, as the common law was created and analysed the basis of equity was brought up and is now used in the royal courts, the story of Equity brings us back to the days of 1066 when William the Conqueror invaded England, he found that there was no single system of common law but rather a system where the local courts based rulings of traditional courts, such as Shires, Boroughs and Hundreds, and applied local rules and customs to the cases. These were openly known as the customary laws which later on became the foundations for the common law. William I using subtle tactics gained control of the country and then introduced the feudal system, where all land belonged to the King and where he would grant areas of land to those people who supported him and were willing to help him. He made himself available to any landlord who had a dispute or problem and who could not get redress from his lord. This idea of applying directly to the King became known as the â€Å"Kings Justice† and became available to everyone. This Kings Justice was administered by the â€Å"Curia Regis† (Kings Court), which was a body of advisers to the King. The Curia Regis would apply a system of rules which applied to whole country thus it became known as the ‘common law which applied in a series of Royal Courts which were erected as time came to pass. At first people recognised that this law was indeed fair and with it being common to England was just. However, later problems were found with this law; two in specific: The fact that there were only one remedy available, damages soon became a problem. Damage being money ordered to be paid as compensation for injury or loss. It soon became a common issue that remedy was not always the appropriate form of remedy and this would have no significant concluding impact within cases. The other major issue was that a civil action, legal action to protect a private civil right or to compel a civil remedy, could only be started with a writ. A writ was a document on which was written why and what the legal basis the person was being sued. Circumstances arose that when a problem was not covered by the writ, this meant making a new document every time one arose, however this was stopped in the 13th century. This meant if your case was already not under a writ it was not carried forward. People found themselves very frustrated under this common law, where they found they may have had to settle for remedies they did not want or their case was sometimes found not even actually taken to the courts as it was not under the ‘writ. As the public became dissatisfied with the system they began to petition to the King, as the â€Å"foundation of justice† for a remedy. The King took note of the petition, which resulted in the case being taken up by the Chancellor when people found that the ‘common law would not help them with their cases. Asif Laher Gradually, over the years he built up a large body of principles, which he had gathered from cases which he had dealt with in which he decided what he thought was fair. These principles together then formed a law; ‘Equity. Equity can be simply thought of as ‘fairness and was a very powerful source of law as it overcame any problems with the common law, because of the right justification it was thought to give. It gave people a ‘safety valve allowing them to seek different appropriate remedies and even actually be given a case when common law did not. However, the law of equity would have been useless to this day if the dispute between the two would have not been resolved. Because of the conflict, a decision to resolve the two was finally made in 1616 when it was referred to King James. The dispute between the two systems was eventually resolved as a result of the Earl of Oxfords Case 1616; the outcome of this case was that if the two were to be in conflict and may contradict each other â€Å"equity would prevail.† The outcome was important as equity would have been worthless as it could not fill in the gaps of the common law unless it was dominant. Common law could just override equity if common law is more important, equity would have been powerless. After many years had gone by the judicature act 1873-1875 came into place. Before this common law and equity had separate courts. The judicature acts did not fuse the common law together, however, did fuse the administration. This is significant due to the established court structure we have today, provided that equity and common law could only be administrated by all courts and that there would no longer be different procedures for seeking common law and equitable remedies. In conclusion they were joined into one High Court, they are still separate laws which have different principles, common law being the major law, and equity brought into cases when needed. Because of the fact that they have different principles and were not fused together when the administration were, they are referred to as ‘The Twin Pillars

The Judgment of Paris and The Miracle of the Fishes Artwork Essay

How often do we see things in life that require a double-take, a second glance, a follow-up look, or even multiple subsequent studies? The answer is quite simple: everyday. The things we often look at a second time are often not intellectually worth the look, whether it be an irrational teenager attempting some outrageous skateboarding stunt, a monkey drinking its own urine, or even a two-headed cat, people have stopped spending their second or third glances on things that are meaningful and sensible. As a result people have lost the appreciation of evaluating and scrutinizing art and often don’t think of looking at it a second or third time to really â€Å"look† at it. Sure people go to museums and galleries, but nowadays, how many of them actually try and conceive the painters’ thoughts or motivation for the paintings? Upon my search two paintings really stuck out to me and required second and third inquiries, The Judgment of Paris and The Miracle of the Fishe s; both making me return to make a suitable judgment of my own. By looking at paintings multiple times in person a viewer can see different details and aspects of the painting they’re looking at or studying—making their observations more accurate and varied— upon a second or third scrutiny. In these two paintings by Jacob Jordaens, The Miracle of the Fishes and The Judgment of Paris, there are many similar and contrasting ideas. From a first glance they are quite different; The judgment of Paris is centered on the three Goddesses and their surrounding aura that is the bright center of the painting while The Miracle of the Fishes seems to have a rather dark and almost gloomy center. However, upon a second examination or a more thorough look one begins to notice an abundance of... ...utinize both paintings multiple times I was able to gather enough information to make accurate analyses. Even without seeing every miniscule detail a decent analysis can be made if an adequate amount of details is observed, whether the observation is in person or from a picture. Seeing a painting in person and being able to get close and look at the minute details allows a person to more accurately describe or analyze a painting. Works Cited 1. Julius S. Held and Donald Posner. 17th th century art; baroque painting, sculpture, and architecture, New York: H.N Abrams, 1971 2. â€Å"Jacob Jordaens.† The Artchive. 28 Sep. 2006 http://artchive.com/artchive/J/jordaens.html 3. Malcolm Gladwell. Blink, New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2005 4. â€Å"Jacob Jordaens.† The Getty. 28 Sep. 2006 http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=359

In Focus: Faye Glenn Abdellah’s Patient-Centered Approaches

For years, the existence and acceptance of nursing theories in different settings and aspects of nursing practice has transformed the profession in diverse ways both here and abroad. The utilization of such theories has provided the nursing community with specific knowledge and ways to enhance and develop skills and attitudes of nursing professionals in the practice of the profession. It has greatly helped in creating and sustaining our professional independence from the field of medicine by guiding our educational system, research methods and practice towards safe and quality care to patients (Marriner-Tomey, 1994; McLemore & Hill, 1965).The significance of studying nursing theories does not end with the benefits it may serve the profession in general. It also helps an individual, either a student or a nursing professional in several ways. An individual is able to develop critical thinking skills, able to differentiate values and hypotheses and able to find out purpose of functions in relation to the scope of practice of the nursing profession (Kozier, Erb, & Oliviere, 1995).In line with this, this paper attempts to analyze and evaluate a relevant nursing conceptual model authored by a renowned nurse theorist— Faye Glenn Abdellah, using the J. Fawcett’s Framework of Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing.Influenced by Virginia Henderson’s 14 principles of nursing, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Erik Erickson stages of development, Abdellah formulated her structural model with the goal of teaching and evaluating students and at the same time emphasize the need to create a body of knowledge exclusive to our profession that will help in gaining independence from the control of the medical profession  toward  patient-centered  care (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Faye Glenn Abdellah authored the typology of 21 nursing problems which was initially published in the 1960 edition of Pat ient-Centered Approaches to Nursing. Since its initial appearance, the typology had major impact on the nursing profession as well as on the development of other nursing theories (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems is a conceptual model which describes the significant concerns of nursing instead of linking different relationships into phenomena. The conceptual model is mainly concerned with patient’s needs and the role of nurses in problem identification using a problem-solving approach. Abdellah’s work is classified under the nursing philosophy category in the sense that her work is based on analysis, rationalization, research and logical argument instead of using experiential methods. Logically speaking,Abdellah’s model can be described as inductive since she derived observations from previous studies which became the basis for her conceptualization. Philosophical statements are said to be based on opinions, arguments or propositions of different people. These statements are not experimental in nature because such statements based on goal, traditions and/or values cannot be tested for its correctness or wrongness (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).In  analyzing  and  evaluating  Abdellah’s  theory, her  work  cannot  be  separated  from  the  historical  background  where  the  conceptualization  of  the  21  nursing  problems  started.  It  was   in  the  1950s  when  the  nursing  profession  faced  a  lot  of  difficulties  arising  from  the  rapid   societal change and increasing demand for technological advancement. The methods and system used at that time  did not support and meet the demands of the rapid change thus creating a backlog in the nursing community.There was a lack of definition of nursing— its focus, scope and limitations especially that healthcare delivery to patients is mainly based on achieving institutional goals rather than meeting patient’s needs. The present system did not assist both the students and professionals in being attuned with the changes. Abdellah related this to the lack of scientific body of knowledge unique to the profession. That is why the formulation of the theory differentiated the practice of nursing from the practice of medicine emphasizing focus on 21 nursing problems that help patient in achieving state of wellness (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Abdellah used the problem-solving approach in formulating the theory. She believes that a nurse should be able to identify and solve problems of patients in order to provide safe and quality care to patients. This identification of nursing problems, selection of data necessary to formulating and testing of interventions in assisting patient towards state of wellness closely resembles the nursing process. Abdellah pointed out that patients cannot receive quality care if the steps are done improperly. In my opinion, Abdellah’s approach is effective in the sense that the approach guarantees positive client response if the steps are specifically and carefully executed. This approach also improves a nursing professional skills and attitude by enhancing problem-solving abilities through identification of nursing problems in meeting the needs of the patient (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Abdellah’s model includes four (4) fundamental concepts essential to nursing— person, environment, health and nursing. The first major concept is the person. The concept of person is described as people having physical, physiological and sociological needs. In her conceptual model, the person or patient is the main reason for the existence of nursing. However, this is quite contradicting since the typology of 21 nursing problems lacks holism. The model entails that a person returns to an improved state only by resolving each problem identified by a nursin g professional. It lacks holism in the sense that the patient or person which, is considered as a whole is not greater than the sum of it parts represented by his problems (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Another major concept included in her theory is the concept of environment. This concept is the least conferred  and least emphasized in her theory. This is mentioned limitedly in problem number 17. The model explains that the patient more often than not interrelate and act in response to the environment. It also explains that the nurse is also a part of the patient’s environment thus the nurse takes responsibility in making the environment conducive for restoration of health. Abdellah also states that environment is also the home and community from where the patient comes from that is why Abdellah emphasized the need to broaden our scope in identifying problems and not limit our scope in the hospital setting (Potter & Perry, 1993).The third concept is health. Abdellah discussed hea lth as a state without illness. It is defined as a state without unmet needs and no anticipated or actual impairment. This is clearly exemplified in the list of 21 nursing problems. Abdellah also advocates holistic approach to patient-centered care and furthering the relevance of environmental factors in the concept of health (Potter & Perry, 1993).The last major concept is nursing. The concept of nursing is an essential element of her writing. In her model, nursing is defined as provision of service to individuals and families; therefore to society. It is mainly providing service to or for the patient or providing information that will significantly assist the patient in restoring health and alleviating impairment. Abdellah therefore viewed nursing as a helping profession (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998)..Although Abdellah’s work provided a comprehensive meaning of the four major concepts, there are no statements in Abdellah’s writing tha t states any direct relationships among the four concepts. Each concept was only defined implicitly and no relational statements can be made out of it. The model is mainly concerned on development of a unique body of knowledge, which is nursing, through which identification of nursing problems and utilization of the problem-solving approach assists patients in meeting their needs.The model is said to have limited concepts and is only presented in a structural list. After Abdellah’s work has been published, her formulation of the 21 nursing problems has been a helpful tool in the areas of nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).In our nursing practice, Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems has helped nursing professionals in dealing with patient care in an orderly and well-structured manner. In using this typology, a nursing professional, with the problem-solving approach, is able to id entify patient’s problems, plan for his care and implement nursing interventions for the identified problem in a scientific manner.This problem-solving method has transformed our practice as we attempt to focus our attention to the client himself rather than focus on client’s medical condition which is more of the objective of the medical profession. Nursing professionals have also learned and understood the rationale behind each and every action we deliver to the client (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Abdellah’s work has also provided significant changes in the area of nursing research as well since her work is basically based on research too. Many theories have been developed since the introduction of Abdellah’s work. The present nursing diagnosis classification system is presumed to be an outgrowth of this typology. This nursing philosophy continues to be a preferred basis of nursing studies at present (Sigma Theta Tau In ternational Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Nursing education also benefited from Abdellah’s work. As previously explained, there was a lack of scientific body unique to our profession that hindered our independence from the medical profession. Abdellah’s work presented such unique body and gave the nursing profession a chance to come out of the control of the medical model. Gaining professional autonomy has helped the nursing community project a professional identity that has been widely accepted all over the world   (Potter & Perry, 1993).Abdellah’s nursing philosophy brings about nursing activities that meet not only client’s needs but of the society as well in the long run if each goal is carefully achieved through the problem-solving approach making this nursing philosophy socially significant. Abdellah’s work is socially significant because the 21 nursing problems elicit relevant nursing actions that lead to the improvement and restoration of client’s health status which in turn aids the client in resuming activities of daily living increasing his productivity level thus benefiting the society   (Potter & Perry, 1993).In conclusion, Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems remedied the predicaments faced by the profession in earlier times. It has helped teach and evaluate student’s competency through its formulation. It provided a means of gaining autonomy from the practice of medicine through the creation of a scientific body of knowledge unique to nursing.Abdellah’s work is very straightforward and uncomplicated. It explicitly described the major concepts essential to nursing such as nursing itself, nursing problems and the problem-solving approach through which the problems can be intervened. The concepts of health, person and environment which are now included in the scope of nursing are also implied.The goals of this model vary but all are directed to affect nursing. The extensive goal of this model is to generally elicit positive transformation in nursing education while its subgoals would include providing a scientific basis for practice and a tool in evaluating student’s capacity and competency (McLemore & Hill, 1965).To date, Abellah did not only meet the goal of her work. Her work has also affected different aspects of nursing— nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education in general. As emphasized in this paper, Abdellah’s overall contribution to the body of nursing is the acquisition of professional autonomy and professional identity through the creation of the 21 nursing problems. Her problem-solving approach increases our assessment and critical-thinking skills needed in identifying client’s concerns to properly plan, select and implement our healthcare. It also enhances and promotes nurse-patient interaction as we make patients the central focus of care instead of focusing on the disease process (Parascandola, 1994).Nursing has been practiced as profession for more than a century. The profession was based merely on rules, concepts and experiences passed on by professionals to students. It was only in the advent of serious discussion and testing of theories that nursing has been established as a science. Through Abdellah’s work and the development of other relevant nursing theories, we have proven that our profession can stand by itself and achieve our goals towards patient-centered care (Parascandola, 1994).

Mental Health And Young People Social Work Essay Essay Example

Mental Health And Young People Social Work Essay Essay Example Mental Health And Young People Social Work Essay Essay Mental Health And Young People Social Work Essay Essay What is mental wellness with immature people? Mental wellness can show itself in many different manner such as ; anxiousness, depression, and substance maltreatment. Mental upsets as suggested above may non merely occur at times that could be a predictable reaction to a life altering event such as mourning ( Colman, 2006 ) . A mental upset is a form of psychological symptoms that may demo a common foundation or recognizable form, that will negatively impact of import countries of operation or significantly increase the hazard of decease ( Colman, 2006 ) . Many different studies have been researched for this essay and they suggest different ages for a immature individual hence, this essay will propose that a immature individual is aged between 12 and 18. This essay will concentrate on the facet of self-harm in immature people. Self-harm is an act which consists of calculated hurt or hurting being inflicted to one s ain organic structure. Most normally this takes the signifier of cutting nevertheless, some other signifiers include ; combustion, rubing, picking, grating, seize with teething and sometimes drawing hair or eyelashes out. Self-harm is frequently used as a release of emotions that can non be spoken and can offer the person the means to try to cover with hurt ( Babiker et al, 2001 ) . Historical context of societal work within the service/field Twenty old ages ago there was an accent on joint working nevertheless, this is non easy to accomplish due to organizational civilizations and professional linguistic communication barriers but research does demo this to hold better results for immature people and their households, this construct of joint work has continued through the last two decennaries ( Southall, 2005 ) .Government policy in recent old ages had supported joint work and besides on occasion placed statutory responsibility upon bureaus to accomplish it. These troubles can be overcome by the Professional Capabilities Framework ( PCF ) 8 provinces the demand to accommodate to altering contexts and to run efficaciously with in multi-agency scenes. Within the Standards of Proficiency ( SoP ) standard 9 depicts the abilities to work with others, including those in a different function. PCF 9 should be look at as to why these professionals found it hard to do this passage as they should be responsible for their ain acquis ition and development which could hold broken down the barriers between the different professionals. Is there continuity or has the societal work field changed over clip, and if so how and over what period? For societal workers, processs changed to this hard multi bureau joint work, this placed higher demands upon the societal workers who were non as extremely trained as other bureaus in mental wellness issues. Changes were made to the Mental Health Act 1983 in 2007 including Professional functions: it is broadening the group of practicians who can take on the maps presently performed by the approved societal worker and responsible medical officer. See the ethos of the societal work field or service you are showing The thoughts or ethos of mental wellness has changed vastly over the past two decennaries. Mental wellness is more unfastened to the populace as an unwellness that affects many people and does non do these people a definite menace to those around them. Social work has a important function to play in organizing attempts to back up persons and groups who may frequently hold negative experiences and perceptual experiences of mental wellness services. Social workers need to keep a broader societal position of mental wellness jobs particularly in respect to concerns about discriminatory patterns, civil rights and societal justness this facet is included in the PCF 2,3 and 4. In conformity to the PCF 5 societal workers have the cognition, preparation and instruction that allows them to develop understanding and consciousness of issues such as subjugation, power and societal exclusion and it has made societal workers cognizant of their ain abilities for subjugation towards others. What is the service user/carers view about the service you have chosen? What is the function of the societal worker in supplying the service? What is the function of the societal worker in supplying the service? Social workers have had a cardinal function of supplying an independent position in appraisals. Supplying critical position drawn from a scope of societal scientific disciplines has been paramount to the preparation of societal workers in the mental wellness services this complies with the PCF of cognition and SoP 13 which besides relates to knowledge and its usage. Extra duties will be probably for societal workers employed in a mental wellness trust such as attention direction and representation of societal fortunes in mental wellness courts. Social work practise is underpinned to advance societal justness and challenge subjugation, hence societal workers are in theory good placed to help other mental wellness professional s working with service users and to join forces on ways of recovery. These functions include the usage of all of the PCF along with SoP 9, 11 and 13. How does current policy about the service ( grownups or kids and immature people ) impact on service bringing? The Children s Act 1989, suggest that a kid is considered to be at injury if there is damage of wellness which includes mental wellness. The definition of a kid in demand is one that is improbable to accomplish a sensible criterion of wellness ( mental ) without the proviso of services. The Health Act 1999 contains a extended subdivision on partnership with other governments which suggests that the NHS will exert their maps along with other authorization organic structures and they will co-operate with one another to procure and progress the wellness and public assistance of people in England and Wales. The white paper Modernising Social Services ( 1998 ) suggests the launch of the Quality Protects programme will transform the whole of the kids s societal services. Bettering protection with eight regional Committees for Care Standards and working to national criterions. The white paper Modernising Health and Social Services-National Priorities Guidance ( 1998 ) commits to cut downing waiting times for services along with lending to the development of outreach squads. This paper besides wants to increase and better services for kids and striplings including early intercession and bar programmes for kids. What do you see might be the hereafter of the service/field? Modern practise

The Effect of Organized Sport on Children

The Effect of Organized Sport on Children Free Online Research Papers It is obvious that the American society is obsessed with sports. All one needs to do to see this obsession is turn on the television and watch one of the dozens of twenty -four hour sports stations and commercials dedicated to sports. Still not convinced, then hop into your car and take a drive across any suburban American town and look at the parks and playing fields. They are full of adult and children athletes playing for leisure and competition. We, as adults, have made athletics into a billion dollar industry as spectators and participants. Our need for sports fuels our pride and self worth as Americans. However, organized youth sports in the U.S. are still a relatively new phenomenon. Prior to 1954, most organized sports in this country took place through social agencies such as the YMCA, Boys and Girls Club, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, etc. (Seefelt Ewing, 1997). Since this time, the benefits provided by these activities have developed into private youth sports organizatio ns primarily run by volunteering adults. Does our obsession have a purpose? Do organized sports play a positive role in the lives of our children? At first thought, any red blooded American would say absolutely. But can we explain why and in what way organized sports benefit our children? Parents and coaches have alluded to the idea that sports are great for kids for decades, but when this comment is made it seems to be accepted without any question. In the following text we will discuss specific benefits from participation in organized sports including the physical, psychological, and academic impact of sport on children. We will also look at the research to see the concrete proof that organized sports play a vital role in the development of the youth of this country. Physical The most alarming issue facing the health of our country and specifically our children is the epidemic of childhood obesity. The infrastructure of our nation’s health care system will be tested as we see the first wave of obese children reach adulthood and deal with the related health issues. The scary facts are that the lifestyle and diet we promote is trickling down to the children of this country. Health issues that are linked to adult obesity are now becoming more and more common in children and teens. For example, type II diabetes was once considered adult on-set diabetes, but today the cases of children with type II diabetes is raising at an alarming rate. The estimated yearly cost of obesity in this country is estimated at around 61 billion dollars. With these issues facing the children of this country we need a cure right? Well a portion of that cure is located in organized sports. The solution is simple to stopping the trend of childhood obesity; eat less and be mo re active. Today children in this country are far less active than prior generations. Through childhood activity, we are not only saving our children from a life of obesity as adults but we are also potentially saving this country billions of dollars in missed days of work, dollars spent on health care, and rising disability rates. (Healthierchildren.org). In 1997, the CDC stated within its â€Å"Guidelines for Schools and Communities for Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity† that youth sports can promote positive behavior that can last a lifetime (Seefelt Ewing, 1997). Much debate has been discussed in the general public about the frequency and duration it takes for a child athlete to receive benefits from physical activity. Boys and girls who participate in just two 50 minute training sessions per week improved their aerobic capacity by 15% in just six months (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradley, 1996). How young is too young for involvement in organized sports? Children under the age of 5 are more than likely to receive from organized sports the simplest of benefits. For example, children at this age seem to enjoy the advancement in motor skills and interaction and not the competitive aspect of the activity (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradley, 1996). A study in Singapore showed that even preschoolers could benefit from involvement in organized sports. This study showed that preschoolers who participated in organized sports where stronger physically, socially, and emotionally developed than peers who were not evolved in organized sports at the preschool level (Nonis, 2004). As with adults over training is a serious issue. A 1980 study detailed the risks of over training with child athletes. There is points in training were growth actually may be retarded (McKeag, 1980). This extreme should not scare parents from allowing there children to participate in a appropriate level of physica l activity. Academics We live in a competitive world and as a culture it is our duty to prepare children for the competition. The benefits of organized sports reach farther than the playing fields and hardwood floors of our schools. Organized sport has the potential to also help our children in the realm of academia. Sports help us to prepare for a life filled with stiff competition. Organized athletics teach children to respect authority and to develop time management skills outside the classroom; to be able to balance the responsibilities of being a student and an athlete. The typical stereo-type of the â€Å"dumb athlete† couldn’t be any farther from the actual truth. Current research actually points to a relationship between organized athletics and higher academics. The lessons learned outside the classroom transfer directly into relationships with teachers and peers in an educational environment. The research points to a direct correlation between organized sports and higher development rates in academics. Athletics teach our children to master skills and to focus on the development of virtue over the outcome (Durrant, 2007)). This is a concept that parents and coaches since the dawn of sports have stressed. Organized sports teach life lessons of discipline, hard work, dedication, and how to push through adversity. But the stereotype of the â€Å"dumb jock† has also haunted organized sport as well. The truth is that students who participate in extra curricular activities including organized sports tend to be more academically equipped (Fredricks Eccles, 2006). It must be noted that students who participate in multiple extracurricular activities including those outside of organized sport seem to benefit the most academically. Psychological The average person knows that there is a positive feeling of self that comes from physical activity and exercise. From a physiological stand point we could say that this is caused by the body producing natural endorphins that just make us feel good for a short period of time following exercise. But the truth is through organized sport we build a sense of self worth, and accomplishment not present in exercise and physical activity alone. These positive feelings we feel following participation in organized sport are the direct result of putting hard work in and seeing the outcome for the whole group not just the individual. The truth is that sports give children an opportunity to develop self concept and how to express themselves within a group. It seems that this is a natural need that even children who do not participate in organized sports have. For example, children in early elementary school are seen looking for situations to act out their competitive nature; competition becomes an independent social motive. Organized sports give these children an outlet for this natural behavior (Eppright, Sanfacon, Beck Bradely, 1996) As health professionals, it is our job to promote behavior that will increase quality of life and educate Americans on the risk taken in certain behaviors, yet in this country today our children are living lives of risk. Our children are putting themselves at risk for sexually transmitted diseases, substance abuse, adult obesity, diabetes, cancer, heart disease, etc. Extracurricular activities including organized sports have a direct impact on decreasing risky behavior by children. This can mainly be explained due to the type of peers a child associates with on a regular basis. If a child participates in extracurricular activities his or her choice of friends is likely to be from the pool of children that participate in the given extracurricular activity. Peers who are involved in extracurricular activities tend to be more academically conscience and less likely to live lifestyles promoting risky behavior (Fredricks Eccles, 2006). If a child is surrounding them selves with responsi ble peers risky behavior is likely being decreased. In American society today it seems antisocial behavior is accepted, we claim that it’s just a phase or that it’s alright to just be who we are. While both of these may be true, a healthy person is a pro-social person who can function in main stream society. So what role can organized sport play in creating positive pro-social behaviors in children? Children who have been involved in organized sport tend to be more pro-social than their counterparts who have not been exposed to organized sport at an early age. Sports have been used with some success with improving adults and children with antisocial issues, but no clear evidence has shown sports as an effective treatment for antisocial behavior issues (Duncan, 2004). Organized sports may not have a place in treatment of children with antisocial issues but it is clear that children who have been exposed to sports at an early age are less likely to have antisocial disorders. Organized sports participation has been proven to lower scores in the areas of externalizing problems, social problems, aggression problems, and delinquency problems (Donaldson Ronan, 2006). The number one psychological issue in the life of a child or young adult is the idea of self worth or self concept. The easiest way to define self concept is how do I feel about myself? What kind of self worth do I have? Various researchers have pointed to self concept as the variable with the most potential to reflect the most positive psychological gains (Sonstroem Morgan, 1988). Researchers have found a positive relationship between organized or formal sports and a positive concept of self (Donaldson Ronan, 2006). The strength of self concept is built through the knowledge that I, as a person on my own, can finish what I start. I, as a person, can put my mind to a given task and perform that task with the skill I have learned through hard work. And most of all, I can contribute to the group giving us overall success. The large focus of research in the health and sport community has focused on the benefits of organized sport, but can children receive the same social benefits from relatively unorganized sports activities? The answer to this question seems to be that children do not benefit from the same life skills that come from organized sports. Organized sports do create an environment where we learn to exist within the team concept. The world of organized sport appeals to young people who are drawn to the team concept and have a positive view of authority and the group concept. However, the earlier children are involved in organized athletics the more likely they are to be attracted to these sports as a adolescent (Donaldson Ronon, 2007). Many have witnessed the out of control parent at a little league game or a child who participates in too many activities and gives up a sport at a later age. These are examples of the negative impact of youth sports. The negative impact of youth sports is a real and valid concern. The psychological benefits of youth sports are just as great for the child who grows up to have nothing to do with competitive athletics (McKeag, 1980). Conclusion The proof is in the research, organized sports provide positive benefits. Physically, children who participate in organized sport are less likely to develop asthma and diabetes as adults. Academically, children who participate in organized sports are more likely to excel in the classroom. Socially, children who participate in organized sport are less likely to suffer from depression and less likely to participate in antisocial high risk behavior. With all the positives involved, why do we see so many states and individual school districts cutting funds and opportunities for children to participate in organized childhood sports? It is vital that we fight to not only keep childhood sports a priority in our primary schools but also expand those programs. As parents we must take it on ourselves to give our children every chance to benefit from organized youth sports, even if it means taking time out of our own busy schedules to volunteer. As Americans we cannot afford to see a day when o rganized sports are limited to only those families who can afford to pay for their children to participate in them. In order for organized sport to become a priority in this country, we as health professionals must educate the public on the positives and how they translate to the long term financial and social benefits for our country. Donaldson, S., Ronan,K. (2006 Summer). The Effecs of Sports Participation on Young Adolescents’ Emotional Well-being. Adolescence, 41(162), 369-389. Duncan, S., Duncan, T., Strycker, L., Chaumeton, N. (March 3, 2002). Relations Beween Youth Antisocial and Prosocial Activites, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25 (5) 425-438. Durant, S. (2007 Summer). Raising Successful and Emotionally Healthy Children in a Competitive World. Independent School, 66(4), 116-116. Eppright, T., Sanfacon, J., Beck, N., Bradley, J. (December 23, 1996). Sports Psychiatry in Childhood and Adolescence: An Overview, Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 28(2), 71-86. McKeag, D. (1980). Sports and the Young Athlete: A Family Practice Perspective, Sports and the Young Athlete, 3-16. Nonis, K. (November 2005). Kindergarten Teachers’ View About the Importance of Preschoolers’ Partcipation in Sports in Singapore. Early Child Development and Care, 175(7-8), 719-742. Seefeldt, V., Ewing, M., (September 1997). Youth Sports in America, President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Digest, 2(11), 2-14. Research Papers on The Effect of Organized Sport on ChildrenEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Environmental Scan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Scan - Research Paper Example While the internal business environment refers to the factors affecting the business from within, the global environment describes factors in the business external or macro environment (Holman 23). The business macro environment describes factors like competition, clients, industries, market, companies and even clients. In the light of these, business environmental scanning in business can be described as the study and prospective intepretation of the factors influencing business performance. Some of these factors include economic, technological, social and political, including the trends that power businesses, industries and markets in entirety. At Coinstar Company, the process of environmental scanning should include such factors as emerging issues, trends as well as expectations of the various interest parties in the business. Issues, as featured in environmental scanning, often refers to the forerunners of particular business trend breakers. Business environment analysis enables businesses categorize different factors as threats or opportunities, thereby devising strategies that enable them navigate the journey in their environment. The following are examples of elements that can be opportunities or threats to at Coinstar, depedning on how the company appraoches it Social trends: Social trends in business refers to activities that are participated in by the business in the course of its operations. These trends include marketing, supply chain management and cultural aspects. Social trends can be business opportunities depending on how the business reacts to it (Diven and Mark 57). For instance, when a business decides to change its marketing patterns and supply chains to feature various innovations and technological advancements, the development can be an opportunity to the business Technological developments: Technology is a significant factor in modern business, in the face of globalization and increasing

Easyjet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Easyjet - Essay Example However, there are several areas that may be pointed out where the aim and objective behind provision of this site is not being satisfied and its full potential is not being harnassed, thereby undermining the potential market that exists for easyjet services. One of the first aspects that easyjet needs to look into is the fact that its B2B link is not clearly visible on the home page. The home page is crammed with several links, of which the B2B link is so small that older viewers who need glasses or those with any kind of visual disability may completely miss the access point. As Jakob Nielsen (1999) points out in his book on designing a good website, simplicity is one of the most vital aspects of designing a website, because the design of a page forms the most visible part of the webpage (p 2). He recommends splitting the material into several pages, but ensuring that each page provides a solid amount of content in a simple, easily viewable form. From this perspective, if easyjet is targeting the business community through its website, then one of its first priorities should be to separate out some of the information on the home page into other pages. For example, the information on airport parking or To/from airport can be included within other pages. There are too many navigation links on this one home page, but the one relevant to the business company is in a very small font and is lost among the other links. Moreover this link is not bolstered with any kind of graphic enhancement at all, therefore first of all the access point must be made more visible and included in a larger font. If it is to stand out on the page, then the link must be bold and highlighted and can be placed separately on one side of the page. Another aspect that must be borne in mind when opening such a cluttered page is the fact that download time will be much more because there are so many links on the one page. This is why simplicity in the page design is of utmost

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Paraphrase - Essay Example Bad academic problems and financial problems are other signs (Donatelle). One addictive behaviour is excessive use of technology. People have become increasingly dependent on such gadgets as iPads and phones that provide them with better access to online information. Donatelle suggests that people addicted to technology can be identified by certain behaviors they exhibit including lack of sleep, lack of fulfilment of responsibilities toward their friends and family, excitement while using technology, bad performance, problems in family, social exclusion, and financial problems. Drug abuse is about consuming banned substances. Despite their legal authorization, drugs are misused. It is noteworthy that drug abuse is done for particular reasons and is not a deliberate action. Disproportionate or unnecessary use of drugs is described as drug abuse (Donatelle). Drug abuse mostly happens when the individual gets addicted to it. Drug misuse mainly causes its abuse. Drug abuse has long-term effects whereas drug misuse has mostly short-term effects. Alcohol’s effect on body and health can be categorized into short and long-term effects. Examples of short-term effects are disrupted sleep, headache, vomiting, problematic breathing, inaudible vocalization, and deteriorated memory. Examples of long-term effects include illnesses related to alcohol like liver disease, throat cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, oesophagus cancer. Other effects include brain and nerve damage, social problems, sexual problems, and poor performance (Donatelle). Smoking also causes several short-term and long-term effects just like any other substance that is abused. Cigarettes contain nicotine which is very addictive. Tar and carbon monoxide present in the cigarettes cause lungs cancer and mouth cancer. This is smoking’s main long-term effect. Other effects experienced

The Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

The Things They Carried Essay Throughout his novel, the things The Carried, author Tim O’Brien uses a plethora of strategies to give the reader a deeper incite into the day to day life of an American ground soldier during the Vietnam War. O’ Brian shares with us his extensive knowledge and first hand experiences throughout the novel. Being a veteran of the Vietnam War helps O ‘Brian gives us a look into American’s longest war, not often given. Aside from recalling past events, he uses many unique techniques that we may be less used to. The first is the use of characters and objects as representations. This is one of the tactics most often used in the book. Another way that O ‘Brian uses rliterature to emphasize a point is the use of meta-fiction. This is basically telling the truth in a lie. Lastly, his knowledge and experiences add another dimension to this book that can really engage the reader. All of these components working together are what has mad the Things They Carried, such a critically acclaimed book. I have found that a good strategy to use when reading this book, is to remember that often times things are not what they seem. The book was filled with figurative language and representation the O ‘Brien uses to emphasizes and support his points. This strategy is used with both people and objects. In the book, there are characters that O ‘Brian tells us that he served with in the war, but in interviews told people that he fictionalized them to emphasize his point. An example of this would be Mark Fossie’s girlfriend Mary Ann Belle who visits the men in Vietnam. She is the classic example of the â€Å"American girl†. â€Å" A tall, big-boned blonde. AT best, Rat said, she was seventeen years old, fresh out of Cleveland Heights Senior High School. She had long, white legs and blue eyes and complexion like strawberry ice cream. Very friendly, too. She is a representation of what all them men left behind when the joined the war. The young, attractive, and vibrant girl is a dramatic contrast to the death and destruction that they are forced to endure everyday. As time goes on and Mary spends all of her time in a war zone surrounded by men, there is a dramatic change in her character and personality. She starts to embrace the death and carnage that the war zone is filled with. â€Å"Everything I want, is right here. † –Mary. Legend says that she disappeared into the black of the jungle, never to be heard from again. This experience shatters Mark Fossie’s erception of Mary as a harmless beauty, which was a thought he would use to escape from the horrors of war. Another example of this use of characters are more than a character to add to the plot is O ‘Brian’s daughter Kathleen. She, much like Mary, is young and naive. Although to the naked eye she would appear to be nothing more than a little girl, she actually represents how war has affected the soldiers. She may show Tim what he was, pre-war and how being sent to the front lines at such a young age can turn anyone to a little girl. Meta-fiction is one of my favorite literary devices. It is essentially the use of lies to tell the truth. This may sound contradictory but in certain cases, there is not factual information or, â€Å"truth† to support your point. An example of this from â€Å"the Things They Carried† would be the scene where Kiowa died. This event never actually never happened during O ‘Brian’s service despite the fact that he tells it this way. This is because as far as the message that the author is trying to tell us about the Vietnam War, Kiowa’s death represents more than just a soldier dying in battle. â€Å"Kiowa was gone. He was under the mud and water, folded in with the war. † He may have known many men that died in combat but none in a way that is this representative. The mud and water where he sunk into and eventually died represents the way that the war can bog someone down. Whether you die in combat or not, a piece of your is almost left on the battle field. This is the point that O ‘Brian is trying to make. Another example of meta-fiction was the entire chapter titled, â€Å"The Man I Killed†. In this chapter, the young Tim O ‘Brian shorts a man in the face. After, the kill, he goes over and inspects the dead body. He inspects it from head to toe, paying special attention to the star shaped bullet wound where the victim’s eye should have been. Again, while one may just assume that this is just the author talking about a man he killed, but in this situation, this never even happened. In fact, O ‘Brian tells us that he never even saw any of the men that he killed. He was to s cared to â€Å"see a life ended by his trigger†. He inserts this chapter because this is how he imagines seeing a man that you killed you feel, and look like. Even if he had looked at the man he had killed, the real experience may not have captured all the emotions that this fictionalized scenario would. This is a tactic used by writers because these cenarios that they create can capture emotions and powerful moments that may not have happened but still feel real. The more knowledge and author has on a given subject usually results in a better final product. O ‘Brian’s personal experiences in the Vietnam War assures us that the stories and information we are receiving is as first hand as it comes. Rather than just reciting dates and facts like a history textbook, he shares with us what it was actually like to be risking your life in the field. While some of the stories he tells are admittedly fictionalized, most are not. Even those that are often are based on some fact or true event. Tim O ‘ Brian’s personal experiences help him in achieving his goal of giving us a look into the day to day life of a foot soldier in Vietnam. All of these devises utilizes by O ‘Brian help make the Things They Carried one of the best war books that I have ever read. Symbolism, meta-fiction, and personal experience help give the reader a more personal look into America’s longest war. I believe that Tim O ‘Brian was very successful in accomplishing his goal of giving readers an in depth look into a war that is often not talked about for what happened on the battle field.

How ecommerce helped the freight forwarding business

How ecommerce helped the freight forwarding business Introduction The implementation of internet and electronic communication systems is changing the traditional face of freight forwarding and the shipping industry has to change with it. It is evident that e-commerce is no longer an emerging technology and it has already conquered a major place in the heart of freight forwarding business. Electronic communication system has become one of the main trump card in shipping industry to live up the higher expectations of a customer. This paper will review briefly the applications of e-commerce in general and in particular to the transport sector especially freight forwarding business. E-Commerce Electronic commerce is defined as the electronic exchange (delivery or transaction) of information, goods, services, and payments over telecommunications networks.It involves mainly distribution, buying, selling, marketing and servicing of products or services through the use of electronic means such as the Internet, and other computer networks. E-commerce has grown exponentially due to the convergence of technological developments, the merging of the telecommunications and computing industries, and globalised business models. The universal adoption of the Internet not only led to further rapid growth of the B2B sector, but also created a new business-to-consumer (B2C) market.The main factor that put e-commerce towards the top of the public is the popularisation and commercialisation of internet. E-commerce now touches virtually all aspects of economic and social life.(Swamidass,2000) Freight Forwarding Freight forwarders acts as an intermediary between exporters, importers or other companies organising efficient transportation of goods. They makes arrangement for transportation of goods by satisfying the customer requirements using various services like Shipping lines, Airlines Road and Rail freight operators. There are a lot of companies involved in freight forwarding business and these varies according to the size and type. In some cases the freight forwarders will only deal with particular goods only and they will be confined to certain geographical areas. Following are the functions carried out in freight forwarding business Cargo consolidation and multimodal transport Transhipment Packing, warehousing and distribution. Arranging cargo insurance Documentation and customs clearance Payment of freight and local taxes Saved fax, phone and courier costs Possibility to reuse information and create templates Transport distribution analysis and transportations arrangements (UNESCAP,2011) Greater speed in transactions In e-commerce, transactions are faster than traditional commercial transactions. Before the advent of e-commerce, freight forwarders prepared the documents with the help of a lawyer and lot of stamps were used. The main advantage of e-commerce is that it allows electronic exchange of cargo documents through internet like bill of lading instructions, freight invoices, container status messages, motor carrier shipment instructions, and other documents with increased accuracy and efficiency by eliminating the need to re-key or reformat documents. It also enables streamline document handling for shippers, freight forwarders and trucking firms without the monetary and time investment required by the traditional document delivery systems and thus paperwork is significantly reduced and the shipping department will therefore be more efficient.(ELC,2011).For example US Customs Service supports an EDI-based system for ocean cargo which can report, electronically, the cargo manifest, bill of la ding and other shipping-related information. This online data system has proved to be beneficial in permitting quicker cargo release and increased carrier productivity through reduced cargo-processing time. It has also helped some port authorities to become more competitive by reducing cargo customs clearance and processing times.(GXS,2011) Use of e-commerce in cargo handling documentation helps in: Reducing costs Improving data accuracy Simplifying business processes Accelerating business cycles Enhancing customer service.(ELC,2011) Shipment tracking Clients need connectivity with the Freight Forwarding systems to access their files for status, to extract reports from Freight Forwarding databases, and have their shipments processed in an error free and timely manner. Shipment tracking engages global positioning systems(GPS), which keep track of vehicles so that customers can find out exact location of the shipment at a given time. This gives instant shipping information access to anyone in the company, from any location. The greatest demands for shipment tracking has developed in express or parcel delivery services.(ELC,2011) DHL is an example of a company where tracking has always been a crucial component to operations, which began with customers making calls to customer service to trace their goods. Now a number of options are available (Smith, 2002) Business Asia). Customer orientation E-commerce helps in delivering better services to their customers like providing websites which helps the customer to gather information about the freight forwarders whom they wish to transit their goods. The customers can make right decision regarding their selection of the right freight forwarders. Some companies provide tariff information on the Internet sometimes along with calculators, enabling the shipper to input details such as cargo origin and destination, cargo characteristics, etc., providing the required freight rate instantly. These systems provide considerable benefit to shippers by simplifying and expediting numerous tasks involved in freight rating, which would otherwise involve considerable time, cost and human resources to complete .Another fact is that these website helps in boosting, branding and building up the goodwill of the freight forwarders for the purpose of marketing.(Lai Wang,2008) FedEx uses their secure saver which helps the software to set up an online catalogue and the order-handling system hooks into a user interface which helps to register online customersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ orders and make sure of confirmation numbers. With automatic inventory updating it is possible to pack the order.(Timmer 1999).. FedEx also has an E-Commerce Builder program, which offers Web design, hosting, order management, real-time financial settlement, and fulfillment to small and midsize companies, at no cost.(Business wire,2011) Shipping portals These have become a major strategic positioning exercise by liners, but internal strategies vary. The three major liner shipping portals online are GT Nexus, an e-logistics software company, using its portal to drive its strategy of becoming a global leader in e-logistics software and services; INTTRA, an industry portal rather than a software provider, aiming to facilitate the interaction between users and their carriers; CargoSmart, aiming to add value to core booking and tracking facilities and to provide a more complete solution to users.(Wn,2011) 3PL Logistics Increased adoption of logistic out-sourcing by manufacturing companies has led a steady growth of third party logistics (3PL) and in recent years, most of the traditional freight forwarders have transformed into 3PL.For the smooth operation of the organisation It is important to have successful information exchange between the parties involved in the business and to cooperate with remote warehouses and inland transport provider. Here e-commerce plays a vital role in helping the freight forwarders to sort out the problems with efficient communication systems and tools like EDI and ETF while they are emerging wholly as a 3PL. (Bumstead and Cannons,2002) ILG is a traditional freight forwarding company and now has emerged into a 3PL and provides services like shipping, e-commerce support, warehousing, fulfilment and the company believes that without the help of e-commerce they wouldnà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t have emerged as a 3PL (ILG,2011) Crown logistics, a freight forwarding company in Hong Kong with the help of e-commerce have helped to improve the utilization of its resources, such as warehouse space transportation fleets, customs procedures, specialized packing and transports, on-time delivery and tracking technology. Company itself is in the process of expanding its operations across greater China, with the objective of becoming a full-pledged 3PL company (Crown logistics,2011). Port services Several maritime ports around the world, including those of New York, Rotterdam, Singapore and Hamburg have electronic systems which link up various parties engaged in the movement of freight through the port, including shippers, forwarders, customs, terminal operators, carriers and other port users. Singapore TradeNet, an EDI system that has dramatically reduced turnaround times for processing information about ship arrivals, loadings and unloadings and departures .(Applegate et al,1993) According to Lee and Whang in the near future, there will be an explosion of business-to-business applications of the Internet as visionary companies develop new paradigms of e-business for the future. This can be understood also to refer to new technologies that extend the ambit of e-business, such as mobile communications technology.(Lee Whang,2001) Conclusion: E-commerce is an essential requirement in modern business methodology that cuts costs and at the same time increases the quality of services and thus achieving greater efficiency in freight forwarding business. The scope and range of these benefits makes it clear that e-commerce in the form of e-business processes and systems can have an enormous impact in terms of benefits to the entire supply chain. Word Count: 1480